2022年10月江苏自考00522英语国家概况考试大纲下载（2015版））
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00522英语国家概况自考考试大纲（2015版）
| 课程名称 | 课程代码 | 学分 | 大纲名称 | 教材/推荐用书名称 | 主编 | 出版社 | 版次 |
| 英语国家概况 | 00522 | 4 | 英语国家概况自学考试大纲 | 英语国家概况 | 余志远 | 外语教学与研究出版社 | 2015年版 |
注：1、本目录内的课程学分含实践性环节学分。
点击下载：00522英语国家概况 自考考试大纲
《英语国家概况》考试大纲
课程性质和学习目的
《英语国家概况》是高等教育自学考试英语专业基础科段（专科）的一门必考课程。
设置本课程是为了使英语专业专科学生了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、经济和政治等方面的概况；了解主要英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯和社会生活的其他有关情况。
本课程是一门实用性很强的文化知识课。学生通过阅读主要英语国家（英国和美国）的北京材料，一方面可以扩大知识面，另一方面也可以提高英语阅读能力。
有关说明和实施要求
高等教育自学考试的教育形式是个人自学、社会助学和国家考试相结合。根据这种教育形多，结合本课程的特点，现对有关的几个问题说明如下：
一、自学考试大纲的目的和作用
《英语国家概况自学考试大纲》是根据英语专业考试计划的要求，结合自学考试的特点而确定的。其目的是对个人自学、社会助学和国家考试命题进行指导和规定。
《英语国家概况自学考试大纲》明确了课程学习的内容以及深广度，规定了自学考试的范围和标准。因此，它是编写自学考试教材和辅导书的依据，是社会助学组织进行自学辅导的依据，是自学者学习教材、掌握课程知识范围和程度的依据，也是进行自学考试命题的依据。
二、自学考试大纲与教材的关系
《英语国家概况自学考试大纲》是进行学习和考核的依据，《英语国家概况》教材用于学习并掌握课程知识的基本内容与范围，教材的内容是大纲所规定的课程知识和内容的扩展与发挥。
三、学习内容
本课程教材为《英语国家概况》（全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会组编，余志远主编，外语教学与研究出版社，2005）。
四、考核目标
为了使本课程的自学考试达到科学化、规范化的要求，本大纲规定了全书的考核目标。明确考核目标，可使应考者进一步了解考试内容和要求，知识怎么学和怎么考，从而更有目的、有计划地学习教材；可使社会助学单位知道如何组织教学，并根据应考者的实际状况进行辅导，使之达到既定的要求；可使命题单位正确把握试题的广度、深度和难易程度。
五、命题原则
1．本课程考试的命题，应根据大纲所规定的考核目标，确定考试范围和考核标准，不要扩大或缩小考试范围，也不要提高或降低考核标准。每套试卷要最大程度地覆盖考核目标的内容，并适当突出课程的重点，难易程度要适中。
2．试题要合理安排题目的能力层次结构。每份试卷中各种能力层次的题目所占的分数比例一般为；识记占10%，领会占40%，综合应用占10%。
3．试题要合理安排题目的难度结构。题目难易程度分为易、、较易、较难和难四个等级。每份试卷中各种难易程度的题目所占的分数比例一般为：易占20%，较易占30%，较难占30%，难占20%。
试题的难易程度和能力层次是两个不同的概念，所指的内容不一样。在每个能力层次的题目中，都会有难易程度不同的问题。命题时要注兼顾这两种不同的结构问题。
4．本课程考试形式为闭卷，笔试。考试时间150分钟。全部题目须用英文作答。
5．本课程试卷采用的题型为单项选择题、名词解释题和简答题。
六、学习方法
根据本课程的目的要求，应考者在学习中应该着重掌握以下几个环节：
1．认真阅读教材。阅读教材是基本的教学环节。只有把教材仔细消化了，其他学习环节才能搞好。如果不把教材真正弄懂弄通，就忙于阅读其他学习资料、做复习题，必然事倍功半。阅读教材前，应先了解考试大纲中的考核目标，理解每一章节的要点，然后再系统地读书。读书时，首先要掌握每一章的梗概，弄清每一章热处理点内容；其次在全面理解每章内容的基础上，要把本章与以前各章的内容联系起来加以思考。
2．做好读书笔记。写读书笔记是巩固所学知识的一个重要方法，这对于自学尤为重要。阅读教材是理解课程内容的基础，但看了书并不一定就能弄懂弄通，更不一定就能学得扎实。要切实掌握课程内容，必须将读书与思考结合起来，手脑并用，通过做笔记，用自己掌握的英语表达出来，变成自己的东西。做笔记的方法可以多种多样，如写内容提要、名词解释、问题解答和学习心得等。
3．参阅有关资料。《英语国家概况》一书包含大量的概念、事件、时代背景和重要人物等内容。应考者如觉得书上解释得不够评细，还可适当查阅一些考书，如百科全书等。
4．认真完成作业。《英语国家概况》每章都没有10道复习题，应考者应在认真读书的基础上做好练习，以便复习和巩固所学知识。在完成作业的过程中要注意三个问题；看清题意，按复习题中提出的要求进行；仔细做题，要认真细致地对待作业，努力做到作词恰当、语法正确；尽量用自己掌握的英语来回答问题。书上的复习题是为应考者掌握各章的重点提供线索的，不是考试题。考试题中会有各种变化。
5．注意联系与对比。主要英语国家的文化同属西方文化，美国、澳大利亚、加拿大和新西兰原属英国殖民地，爱尔兰曾受到英国统治，这些国家的民族组成、文化传统和风俗习惯等都和英国有着不可分割的联系，因此它们与英国在许多方面有相同的地方。但是，由于地理、政治和经济等因素，这些国家与英国又有许多具体的区别，如英美两国政府制度虽然同属资本主义制度，但是英国是君主立宪制，而美国是联邦制。因此，对比学习有助于掌握这些国家的基本情况，进一步加深对这些国家的了解。
七、社会助学
社会助学是高等教育自学考试的必要条件，要切实抓好。社会助学单位和辅导教师应注意如下几项要求：
1．把握社会助学的正确导向。社会助学单位和辅导教师应根据自学考试大纲规定的考试内容和考核目标，认真研究指定教材，明确本课程的特点、学习范围和学习要求，对自学者进行切合需要的辅导，并从学习方法上给予指导。特别要注意引导他们全面系统地掌握课程内容，不搞猜题、押题，防止把“助不学”变成“助考”。
2．要正确处理文化知识和实际运用英语能力的关系。要引导自学者一方面了解和掌握这些国家的地理、历史、经济和政治等方面的基础知识，另一方面则通过听讲、阅读、讨论和做作业等方式，扩大词汇量，复习和巩固综合英语课中所学到的知识和技能，进一步提高实际运用英语的能力。
3．要正确处理一般和重点的关系。考试的内容是覆盖全部考核目标的，因此，社会助学单位和辅导教师都应指导自学者全面系统地学习教材，掌握全部考试内容和考核要点。要引导自学者把全国理解和重点深入探讨结合起来，切忌孤立地抓重点。
《英语国家概况自学考试大纲》的考核目标
Part One The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Chapter 1 Land and People
I.Different Names for Britain and its Parts
Chapter 2 The Origins of a Nation
I.Early Settlers
3.The Celts
II.Roman Britain
III.The Anglo-Saxons
Ⅳ.The Viking and Danish Invasions
V.The Norman Conquest
Chapter 3 The Shaping of the Nation
Ⅰ.Norman Rule
1.William’s Rule
Ⅱ.The Great Charter and the Beginning of Parliament
1.The Great Charter
Ⅲ.The Hundred Years’War with France
Ⅳ.The Black Death and the Peasant Uprising
Chapter 4 Transition to the Modern Age
Ⅰ.Transition to the Modern Age
Ⅱ.The English Reformation
Ⅲ.Elizabeth I
1.Elizabeth and Parliament
2.Elizabeth’s Religious Reform
3.Elizabeth’s Foreign Policy
Ⅳ.The English Renaissance
VII.The Civil Wars
VIII.The Commonwealth
IX.The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution of 1688
Chapter 5 The Rise and Fall of the British Empire
Ⅰ.Whigs and Tories
Ⅱ.Agricultural Changes in the Late 18th Century
Ⅲ.The Industrial Revolution
Ⅳ.The Chartist Movement
VII.Twentieth Century
1.Britain and the First World War
3.Britain and the Second World War
4.Postwar Britain
Chapter 7 Government and Administration
Ⅰ.The Monarchy
Ⅱ.Parliament
1.The House of Lords
2.The House of Commons
Ⅲ.The Cabinet and Ministry
Ⅳ.The Privy Council
Chapter 8 Justice and the Law
IV.The Judiciary
V.Police
Chapter 9 Social Affairs
Ⅰ.Health and Social Services
1.The National Health Service
Ⅲ.Religion
1.Established churches
Ⅳ.Festivals and Public Holidays
1.Christian festivals
2.Other festivals
3.Public holidays
Chapter 10 Cultural Affairs
Ⅰ.Education
3.Higher education
Ⅱ.The Media
1.Newspapers
Ⅲ.Sports
Ⅳ.The Arts
3.Drama
Part Two The Republic of Ireland
Chapter 11 Geography and History
I.Geographical Features
II.Climate and Weather
III.Population and Religion
IV.Historical background
Part Three The United States of America
Chapter 14 Population，Race and Ethnic Groups
I.Introduction
IV.Racial and Ethnic Minorities
1.Blacks
Chapter 15 American History（I）
Ⅰ.Discovery of the New World
Ⅱ.The Colonial Period
Ⅲ.The War of Independence
Ⅳ.A New Form of Government
Ⅵ.Territorial Expansion and Westward Movement
Ⅶ.The Civil War
Ⅷ.Rapid Growth of Capitalism after the Civil War
Chapter 16 American History（II）
Ⅰ.Economic Development
Ⅱ.Progressivism
Ⅲ.World War I and the United States
Ⅳ.The United States in the 1920 s
Ⅴ.The Great Depression and the New Deal
Ⅵ.World War II and the United States
Chapter 17 American History（III）
Ⅰ.The Origins of the Cold War
Ⅱ.The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
V.McCarthyism
VII.American Society During the Postwar Boom：1945-1960 s
VIII.The Cuban Missile Crisis
IX.The Vietnam War
X.United States’Relations with China
XII.Watergate Scandal
Chapter 18 The Economy
（Two paragraphs）
Ⅰ.The Economic System of the United States
V.Foreign Trade
VI.Problems in the U.S.Economy
Chapter 19 Political Institutions
Ⅰ.The U.S.Constitution
1.The Federal system
2.Separation of powers：checks and balances
3.Provisions for amendment
Ⅱ.The Executive Branch
1.The Presidency
2.Presidential Powers
Ⅲ.The Legislative Branch
2.Powers of the House and Senate
3.Officers of the Congress
4.Functions of the Congress
Ⅴ.Political Parties（two-party system）
Chapter 20 Education
Ⅰ.Characteristics of American Education
Ⅱ.Elementary and Secondary Education
Ⅲ.Higher Education
Ⅴ.Education Reforms
Chapter 21 Literature，Architecture and Music
Ⅰ.American Literature
1.Washington Irving
2.Emerson and Hawthorne
3.Mark Twain
4.Whitman and Dickinson
5.Theodore Dreiser
6.T.S.Eliot
7.Ernest Hemingway
8.Hughes and Wright
Chapter 22 Holidays and Festivals
Ⅰ.New Year’s Day
IV.Valentine’s Day
VI.Easter Day
VIII.Independence Day
IX.Halloween
XI.Thanksgiving Day
XII.Christmas Day
Part Four Canada
Chapter 23 Geography and History
Ⅰ.Geographic Features
4.Geographic regions
Ⅱ.The making of Canada
1.The European discovery
3.Self-government and Confederation
4.The Canadian nation
Chapter 26 Society and Culture
I.Canadian Society
1.Population
2.Immigration
3.Bilingualism
4.Multiculturalism
Part Five Australia
Chapter 27 Land and people
Ⅰ.The Geographical Structure
1.The Great Western Plateau
2.The Eastern Highlands
3.The Central Eastern Lowlands
Ⅱ.Climate
3.Causes and effects of the hot and dry climate
Ⅳ.People
1.Population
2.Population density and distribution
Ⅴ.Australia’s Built Environment
1.Sprawling cities
2.Rural areas
Ⅵ.Political Divisions
1.New South Wales
2.Victoria
3.Queensland
4.South Australia
5.West Australia
6.Tasmania
Chapter 32 Society and Culture
IV.Australian Culture
1.Aboriginal culture
2.Modern Australian culture
Part Six New Zealand
Chapter 33 The Making of New Zealand
Ⅰ.Geography
Ⅱ.Climate
Ⅲ.Plants and Animals
Ⅳ.Historical Background
2.The Treaty of Waitangi 1840
VI.Maoritanga
5.Race relations
《英语国家概况》样卷
1．Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully,For each unfinished statement or question,four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D are given．Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question．Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet．（50 points,1 point each）
1．The British Isles are made up of _______．
A．two large islands and hundreds of small ones
B．two large inlands and Northern Ireland
C．three large islands and hundreds of small ones
D．three large islands and Northern Ireland
2．There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain．They are _______．
A．Britain,Scotland and Wales
B．England,Scotland and Wales
C．Britain,Scotland and Ireland
D．England,Scotland and Ireland
3．The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries _______．
A．that have a large number of British immigrants
B．that fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars
C．that speak English as their native language
D．that were once colonies of Britain
4．In British history,both Saxons and Angels came from _______．
A．northern Europe
B．northern Germany
C．southern Europe
D．southern Germany
5．It was _______ who laid the foundations of the English state．
A．the Vikings
B．the Danes
C．the Celts
D．the Anglo-Saxons
6．_______ is perhaps the best-known event in English history．
A．The Norman Conquest of 1066
B．The Great Charter of 1215
C．The Hundred Years’War with France
D．The English Renaissance
7．In the reign of the Norman kings ______ flowered on the English soil．
A．the German culture
B．the British culture
C．the Danish culture
D．the Norman culture
8．______ has long been popularly regarded as the foundation of English liberties．
A．Domesday Book
B．Magna Carta
C．The Reform Act of 1832
D．The Greater Charter of 1832
9．During the Hunderd Years’War which ended in 1453,the expulsion of the English from France is regarded as a blessing for _______．
A．France
B．England
C．both of them
D．neither of them
10．Black Death,an epidemic disease spread y rat fleas,spread through Europe in the _______ century．
A．13th
B．14th
C．15th
D．16th
11．The English Renaissance achieved its finest expression in _______．
A．Elizabethan drama
B．Leonardo Da Vinci’s works
C．Thomas Moor’s works
D．Thomas Wyatt’s poems
12．The English Civil War has been seen as a conflict between ________．
A．the Commons and the Lords
B．the King and the Barons
C．Parliament and the King
D．the Crown and the Church
13．Two of the most famous literary works of late 17th century England were John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress and ______．
A．William Shakespeare’s Hamlet
B．Francis Bacon’s Essays
C．John Milton’s Paradise Lost
D．Christopher Marlowe’s Tamburlaine
14．In Britain,______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party．
A．the Tories
B．the Puritains
C．the Whigs
D．the Anglo-Americans
15．The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a ________．
A．republic
B．federation
C．feudal state
D．unitary state
16．As a result of Industrial Revolution,Britain became _________．
A．“the shop of the world”
B．“the workshop of the world”
C．“the center of the world”
D．“the leader of the world”
17．_______ is generally regarded as the greatest writer in the English language．
A．Christopher Marlowe
B．William Shakespeare
C．Edmund Spenser
D．Charles Dickens
18．During the British Civil Wars（1642,1651）,the supporters of Parliament were called _______．
A．Cavaliers
B．Royalists
C．Federalists
D．Roundheads
19．In Britain,the prime minister is the leader of the party that holds the most seats in _______．
A．the House of Lords
B．the House of Commons
C．the Senate
D．the House of Representatives
20．In Britain,private schools or independent schools are called _______．
A．grammar schools
B．high schools
C．public schools
D．state schools
21．In America,the first English colony was founded at ______ in 1607．
A．Jamestown,Virginia
B．Plymouth,Massachusetts
C．New Amsterdam
D．Boston,Massachusetts
22．The first immigrants in American history came from _______ and _______．
A．Ireland/France
B．England/China
C．Scotland/England
D．England/the Netherlands
23．The British established 13 colonies along ________．
A．the west coast of North America
B．the west coast of South America
C．the east coast of North America
D．the cast coast of South America
24．The American War of Independence began with ______．
A．the battles of Trenton
B．the Boston Tea Party
C．the battles of Lexington and Concord
D．the battles of Gettysburg
25．The Declaration of Independence was drafted by ______．
A．Abraham Lincoln
B．John Adams
C．Benjamin Franklin
D．Thomas Jefferson
26．The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by ______ during the Civil War．
A．George Washington
B．Abraham Lincoln
C．Thomas Jefferson
D．Franklin Roosevelt
27．The 1920s in the U．S．has been described as a period of _______．
A．cultural revival
B．loss of purpose
C．development in science and technology
D．material success and spiritual frustration
28．McCarthyism refers to the anti-Communist hysteria whipped up by Senator McCarthy ______．
A．after WW I
B．during WW II
C．in the early 1950s
D．in the 1960s
29．The famous leader of black movements in the U．S．in the 60s is _______．A．Abraham Lincolm
B．George Garrison
C．Douglas Moor
D．Martin Luther King
30．The origin of the American party system can be traced to ______．
A．the struggle between the Royalists and revolutionaries in the War of Independence
B．the constitutional debate between the Federalists and the anti-Federalists
C．the struggle between those who upheld slavery and those who opposed slavery
D．none of the above
31．The functions of institutions of higher education in the U．S．are _______．
A．research and teaching
B．teaching and degree awarding
C．professional training,teaching and public service
D．teaching,research and public service
32．Walt Whitman’s masterpiece is _______．
A．“Leaves of Grass”
B．“Song of Myself”
C．“A tramp Abroad”
D．“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”
33．Which branch of the American government has the power to interpret the Constitution?
A．The Supreme Court．
B．The President．
C．The House．
D．The Senate．
34．The American Constitution was drawn up in 1787 when ______．
A．the War of Independence was started
B．the War of Independence was won
C．the American Civil War was started
D．the American Civil War was won
35．According to the American Constitution,the United States has ______．
A．a federal system of government
B．a unitary system of government
C．a constitutional monarch
D．three layers of rule
36．The Bill of Rights is the term used for the first ______ amend-ments to the Constitution of the United Stares．
A．five
B．seven
C．ten
D．thirteen
37．Among the following authors,the one who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature,is ______．
A．T．S．Eliot
B．Emily Dickenson
C．Walt Whitman
D．Richard Wright
38．The legal holiday observed annually in the U．S．on the fourth Thursday of November is _______．
A．Independence Day
B．Thanksgiving Day
C．Washington’s Birthday
D．Halloween
39．The theme of Thanksgiving has always been ________．
A．friendship and happiness
B．peace and plenty
C．cooperation and rich reward
D．love and happiness
40．By long custom,nationally observed holidays in the U．S．include the following except ______．
A．Christmas
B．Valentine’s Day
C．Lincoln’s Birthday
D．Mid-Summer’s Day
41．In terms of area Canada is the _______ country in the world．
A．largest
B．second largest
C．third largest
D．fourth largest
42．The first British settlers in Canada were ______ who refused to fight against the British in the War of American Independence．
A．French refugees
B．British merchants
C．American refugees
D．French reformers
43．In 1867 ______ was passed creating the Dominion of Canad.
A．the British North America Act
B．the Act of Union
C．the Quebec Act
D．the Statute of Westminster
44．Australia was originally inhabited by _______．
A．Indians
B．Eskimos
C．Maoris
D．Aborigines
45．_____ is the oldest of the Australian states because it was the first colony established by Britain in 1788．
A．Victoria
B．New South Wales
C．South Australia
D．Queensland
46．Australia is one of the most urbanized countries in the world with ______ of its population living in the suburbs of coastal cities and towns．
A．60%
B．70%
C．80%
D．90%
47．______ is an integral and pervasive influence on national life and culture of Ireland．
A．Protestantism
B．Catholicism
C．Calvinist doctrine
D．Idealism
48．In Ireland,the constitution provides for both _______ as official languages．
A．Irish and English
B．English and French
C．Irish and French
D．English and Welsh
49．The capital city of New Zealand is _______．
A．Wellington
B．Christchurch
C．Hamilton
D．Auckland
50．The original inhabitants of New Zealand are called _______．
A．Eskimos
B．Aborigines
C．Indians
D．Maoris
II．Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions,Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet,（30 points,3 points each）
51．What is the official name of Great Britain?
52．In the election of 1979,who became the first woman prime minister in Britain?
53．In Britain,what does BBC stand for?
54．Why does the United States have an ideal location for trade?
55．Why was America named after Amerigo Vespucci?
56．What are the two major political parties in the United States?
57．What are the two principal river systems in Canada?
58．Why is Australia a dry land?
59．When did Ireland declare itself a republic?
60．What animal is regarded as a national symbol of New Zealand?
III．Explain each of the following terms in English,Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words．（20 points,5 points each）
61．The Industrial Revolution
62．English Renaissance
63．Separation of powers
64．No taxation without representation
参考答案：
I．1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．D 16．B 17．B 18．D 19．B 20．C 21．A 22．D 23．C 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．D 28．C 29．D 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．A 34．B 35．A 36．C 37．A 38．B 39．B 40．D 41．B 42．C 43．A 44．D 45．B 46．C 47．B 48．A 49．A 50．D
II．51．The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．
52．Margaret Thatcher．
53．British Broadcasting Corporation
54．Because America’s Atlantic coast faces the developed countries of Western Europe and its Pacific coast and Hawaii give the nation an approach to the Far East and Australasi
55．Because he proved that the land Christopher Columbus discovered was not India,but a new continent．
56．They are the Republican Party and the Democratic Party．
57．They are the Mackenzie and the St．Lawrence．
58．Because more than half of Australia is covered by dry lands．
59．1949
60．The kiwi．
III．61．The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries．
62．Politically,the English Renaissance marks the end of the period of civil war among the old feudal aristocracy in mid-15thcentury．And the establishment of a modern,efficient,central-ized state．Technically,the date is close to that of the introduc-tion of printing into England．And culturally,the first important period in England was the reign of the second Tudor monarch,Henry VIII．
63．Separation of powers is the concept thought to be the safeguards of the U．S．government．The government is divided into three branches;the legislative,the executive and the judicial,Each branch has part of the powers but not all the power．And each branch of government can check or block the actions of the other branches．The three branches are thus in balance．This is called“checks and balances”．
64．No taxation without representation is the declaration by the colonists in the 13 British colonies in North America．It means that,without their representatives taking part in decision-making,they had no obligation to pay taxes to Britain,the mother country of the colonies．
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