2021 高起专英语考试大纲重点汇总
一、语音(语音主要考相同字母的不同读音,所以要善于记住不一样的读音和规则)(一)元音字母发音规则1.元音字母在重读开音节(指以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节)中一般读字母的名称音元音字母读音例词a[ei]name gamee[i:]he she mei[ai]fine likeo[ou]go homeu[ju:][u:]use blue2. 元音字母在重读闭音节(指以一个或几个辅音音素结尾,而中间只有一个元音音素的音节 )中的读音元音字母读音词例a[ æ ]Alice mape[e]bed peni(y)[ i ]is in ito[ ɔ ]not box dogu[ʌ][ʌ]mum bus fun3.元音字母在非重读音节中的读音(1)a 读作/ə/again/ə’gen/ago/ə’gou/vacation/və’kei∫n/woman/’wʊm ən/breakfast/’brekfəst/❖a+辅音字母+无声字母 e,读/i/village/’viliʤ/palace/’pælis/(2)e 读作/ə/或/ɪ/(注意可考)excellent/’eksələnt/silent/’saɪlənt/open/’əʊpən/ sentence/’sentəns/problem/’prɔbləm/decide/dɪ’saɪd/exam/ɪg’zæm/ repeat/ri’pi:t/❖e 在前缀和后缀中读/i/(尤其是 ex 开头表示前任)behind/bi’haind/wanted/’wɔntid/actress/’æktris/(3)i(y)读作/i/或/ai/lily/’lili/city/’siti/satisfy/:sætisfai/(4)o 读作/ə/或/ɔ/bottom/’bɔtəm/common/’kɔmən/second/’sekənd/❖o 在词尾的非重读音节中常读/əʊ/(可考)radio/’reidiəʊ/potato/pə’teitəʊ/piano/pi’ænəʊ/5)u 读作/ə/、/ju/autumn/’ɔ:tən/support/sə’pɔ:t/occupy/’ɔkjupai/4.常见元音字母组合的读音(1)ar 读作/a:/car/ka:/hard/ha:d/park/pa:k/2)or 读作/ɔ: /horse/hɔ: s/sport/spɔ: t/north/nɔ: θ/3)r,ir,ur 均读作/ə:/term/tə:m/shirt/∫ə:t/burn/bə:n/(4)ee 读作/i:/feel/fi:l/sleep/sli:p/see/si:/(5)ea、ei,ie 读作/i:/meat/mi:t/peace/pits/clean/kli:n/field/fi:ld/deceive/dɪ’si:v/piece/pi:s/(6)ear 读作/iə/或/eə/(可考)/iə/tear/tiə/hear/hiə(r) /year/jiə(r) //eə/wear/weə(r)/bear/beə(r) /pear/peə(r) /❖ear 后有辅音时读作:/ ə:/(可考)learn/lə:n/early/’ə:li] /(7)ew,eu 读作/ju:/new/nju:/few/fju:/feudal/’fju:dl/neutral/’nju:trəl/(8)au, augh, aw 读作/ɔ:/cause/kɔ:z/daughter/’dɔ:tə(r)/saw/sɔ:/(9)ig、igh 读作/ai/(可直接记 right)bright/brait/high/hai/sign/sain/(10)ai,ay 读作/ei/play/plei/way/wei/main/mein/(11)ind 读作/aind/(直接 find 便同理可得)mind/maind/kind/kaind/find/faind/(12)ou 读作/aʊ/或/ʌ/house/haʊs/about/a’baʊt/sound/saʊnd/(13)al 读作/ɔ:/或/ɔ:l/(记 talk)talk/tɔ:k/walk/wɔ:k/ball/bɔ:l/(14)oi,oy 读作/ɔi/voice/vɔis/point/pɔint/joy/dʒɔi/(15)ia,ie,io 读作/aiə/dialogue/’daiəlɔg/quiet/’kwaiət/violence/’vaiələns/(16)oo 读作/u:/, 有时也读作/u/(可考)food/fu:d/school/sku:l/good/gud/(记典型)❖oo 后面为 K 时,读作/u/(记 look)book/buk/look/luk/(17)oor, oar 读作/o:/board/bo:d/floor/flo:(r) /door/do:(r) /(18)oa 读作/əʊ/(记 road)road/rəʊd/coat/kəʊt/load/ləʊd/(19)ow 读作/əʊ/或/aʊ/(可考)know/nəʊ/grow/grəʊ/now/naʊ/(20)owe 读作/aʊə/(可以和 19 合一起来考)flower/’flaʊə(r)/power/’paʊə(r)/tower/’taʊə(r)/(21)our 读作/ɔ:/或/aʊə/pour/pɔ:(r) /course/kɔ:s/our/aʊə/(22)ough 读作/ɔ:/(直接记 ought)bought/bɔ:t/thought/θɔ:t/(23)ur 读作/əː/purse/pəːs/hurt/həːt/murder/’məːdə/5.其他常见字母组合在非重读音节中的读音-tion, -sion, -ssion 读作/∫n/或/∫ən/production/pra’dʌk∫n/section/’sek∫n/nation/’nei∫n/version/’və:∫n/impression/im’pre ∫n/question/ˈkwestʃən/(二)辅音字母发音规则考点1.c 在字母 e,i,y 前读/s/cell,city,cyst;其余情况下读/K/cat,club,code.2.g 在字母 e,i,y 前读/ʤ/如 gene,gin,gym;其余情况下读/g/beg, golf, game.3.s 多数情况下读/s/six,desk,yes;有时读/z/如 is,his(三)元音字母不发音的规则1.-e 在词尾,一般不发音life/laif/face/feis/home/həum/2.一些来自法语的词的词尾-que 或 gue,其中-ue 不发音tongue/tʌη/dialogue/ˈdaiəlɔg/technique/tekˈniːk/3.在轻读音节,有些词的词尾中的元音不发音1) -alcapital/ˈkæpitl/2) -engarden/ˈgɑːdn/3) -edburned/bəːnd/4) -elvessel/’vesl/5) -inbasin/’beisn/6) -ilevil/’i:vl/7) -on button/’bʌtn/❖但在/k/、/g/和/nd/音之后的元音,仍然发音bacon/ˈbeikən/(熏猪肉)waggon/ˈwægən/(马车) london/ˈlʌndən/4.在轻读音节中,在词中间的-en-,-er-,其中的元音不发音absent/ˈæbsnt/(缺席)recent/ˈriːsnt/every/’evri/(四)辅音字母在单词中不发音的规则,一般有下列 14 条1.字母 b 在字母 t 之前 debt/det/(欠债)2.字母 b 在字母 m 之后 comb/kəum/(梳子)3.字母 c 在字母 s 之后 muscle/’mʌsl/4.字母 d 在词尾-dge 中 bridge/bridʒ/5.字母 g 在字母 n 之前 sign/sain/6.字母 gh 在 t 之前 fight/fait/7.字母 h 在 r 之后 rhythem/ˈriðəm/8.字母 h 在词首 ex-之后 exhibition/eksiˈbiʃən/9.字母 h 在词首 gh 中 ghost/gəust/10.字母 k 在字母 n 之前 knee/ni:/11.字母 l 在-alf,-alk,-alm,-ouldtalk/tɔːk/half/ha:f/calm/ka:m/could/kud/12.字母 n 在词尾-mn 中 autumn/ˈɔːtəm/13.字母 t 在词尾-sten,-stle 和-ften 中listen/’ lisn/castle/’ka:sl/soften/ˈsɔfn/14. 字母 w 在字母 r 之前 wrong/rɔŋ/(6)next to 意为“紧挨着……”;(7)round / around 意为“在……周围”;(8)by 意为“在……旁边”(stand by);(9)before 在…的前面(位置),在…之前(时间)(10)between···and 在···之间3.表地点(1)in 在范围较大的地方; at 在范围较小的地方(2)表示两者的位置关系时:in 表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”;on 表示“接壤;相邻”;to 表示“相离;相隔”,两者不属同一范围,也不接壤。
4.表示方式的介词(1)by + 交通工具,意为“乘坐……”。
海:be ship / boat / sea陆:by bus / car / train / bike / taxi空:by air / plane / spaceship(2)on / in + 限定词 + 交通工具,意为“乘坐……”。
(交通工具前面有 the,one’s 等限定词时,介词不能用 by,用 in 或者 on)✧固定搭配:on foot 步行take a walk 散步5.表示运动方向的介词across 意为“从……表面穿过”,或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作;through 意为 “从……内部穿过”; look through 浏览past 和 by 表示“从旁边经过或路过”。
6.“除了”(1)besides:除···之外···(包括在内)(2)expect:除···之外···(不包括)例:Everyone is here except Tom. 除了汤姆,大家都在。
Besides English, I also learn French and Japanese.除了英语,我还学了日语和法语7.with 随着、伴着、凭借、与···✧固定搭配:with the help of 在···的帮助下agree with ···赞同···8.without 没有,无9.for 为了···10.to···到达11.against 反对(六)形容词1.形容词的定义和定义表示人或事物的属性,特征或状态的词,主要修饰名词。
2.结构特点以-able,-al,-ful, -ic,-ish,-less,-ous,-y 等后缀结尾的词,一般是形容词,如:changeable(多变的)medical(医学上的),careful(仔细的),atomic(原子的),foolish(愚蠢的),careless(粗心的),delicious(美味的),healthy(健康的),rainy(多雨的)等3. 形容词的用法(1)形容词一般放在名词前作定语(2)当形容词所修饰的词是由 some,any,every,no 等构成的不定代词时,形容词必须置于所修饰的词之后。
例:She has something new to tell me.她有些新的情况要告诉我.(3)形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容词必须置于名词之后。
例: It is a problem difficult to work out. 这是一个难以解决的问题4. 形容词比较级(1)形容词原级的用法A.句型”as…as”,表示两者相比较,程度相同.例: The old man walks as fast as a young man.这位老人走路与年轻人一样快.B.句型”not as…as”,表示两者相比较,前者不如后者.例: I’m not as tall as Jack. 我没有杰克高.(3)需要注意的形容词的原级用法:5.形容词比较等级的构成(副词同理)(1)规则变化如下:单音节词及少数双音节词 构成法 一般在单音节词末尾加-er,-estgreat—greater—greatestclean—cleaner—cleanest以不发音的 e 结尾的单音节词及少数以 le 结尾的双音节词,只在词尾加-r 或-stwide—wider—widestclose—closer—closest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加-er 或-estbig—bigger—biggesthot—hotter—hottest以”一个辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,要将 y 变为 i,再加-er,-esthappy—happier—happiestlucky—luckier—luckiest多音节词及部分双音节词:在词前加 more, the mostbeautiful—more beautiful—the most beautifuldifficult—more difficult—the most difficult(2)不规则变化如下原级——————-比较级——————–最高级good,well(健康的合适的)betterBestbad illworseWorstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleast6.形容词比较级的用法(1)表示两者之间比较时,用”形容词比较级+than”或”less…than”两种句型.①A+形容词比较级+than+B 表示 A 程度深于 B②A+less+adj 原+than+B 表 B 比 A 程度深例: Your mother looks healthier than before. 你妈妈看上去比之前健康多了I’m less interested in basketball than you. 我没有你对篮球感兴趣.(2)形容词的比较级还可以用于以下句型中.①more and more… 越来越……例:: The park is getting more and more beautiful.这个公园变得越来越美了7.形容词最高级的用法(1)三者或三者以上相比较,用”the+最高级+名词+范围“结构.例: This is the cleanest place of the city.这是这个城市最干净的地方.(2)表示”最……之一”,用”one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”.例 The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest buildings in the world.中国的长城是世界上最伟大的建筑之一✧形容词最高级前面必须加定冠词 the,但当形容词最高级前面有物主代词修饰时,则不加(七)副词1.副词的定义和分类副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
副词按词汇意义可分为:(1)方式副词:well(令人满意地)fast(快速地)slowly(缓慢地)carefully(小心地)quickly(迅速地)(2)程度副词:very(非常地)much(很多地)enough(足够地)almost(大多数)rather(确切地)quite(完全地) little(很少) so(所以) too(也)still(直到) perfectly(非常完美)(3)地点副词:here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down,(4)时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still,ago,lately(近来).(5)频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom(几乎不),never(6)否定副词:no,not,neither,nor,(7)疑问副词:where,how,why,when(8)关系副词: when, where, why.(9)连接副词: how, when, where, why, whether.2.already yet(1)already 用于肯定句句中,表示“已经”;(2)yet 用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经” 。
3.very,much 和 very much(1)very 用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;(2)much 用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;(3)修饰动词要用 very much.4.so 与 such(1)so 修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词,例:My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。
(2)so 修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词,其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.such 可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词,名词前可以有形容词作定语,其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”,“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”。
✧记忆:such a beautiful place./so beautiful a place.4.also,too,as well 与 either 的区别(1)also,as well,too,用于肯定句。
(2)also 常用于 be 动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;(3)as well,too 用于句末;too····to 太···以至于不能(4)either 用于否定句中,置于句末。
5.sometime,sometimes,some time 与 some timessometime:某一时间,某一时刻,可指将来时,也可指过去时sometimes:有时,不时的some time:一段时间some times:几次,几倍6.ago 与 before 的区别(1)ago 表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。
例:many years ago(2)before 指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,和完成时连用,可以单独使用.例:Think of something pleasant before returning.7.副词的比较级(规则比较级同形容词)不规则:well-better-bestbadly-worse-worstmuch-more-mostfar-farther-furtherlittle-less-least8. 副词比较等级基本用法:(1)原级用法:as+副词原级+as例:I can run as quickly as he can.(2)比较级用法:副词比较级+than例:I can run more quickly than he.(3)最高级用法: (the)+最高级+in/of 短语例: Who runs fastest of the three(八)连词连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。
连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词的用法1.表示转折关系的并列连词。
主要有but(但是)yet(然而) 一般放在句尾或句中,放在否定句中however(但是)while(···的时候,但是)2.表示并列关系的并列连词。
主要有and / or 和···肯定句 and 否定句 or(或者,否则)either…or 要么···要么···neither…nor 既不···也不···not only…but (also) 不但···而且both…and ····和···都····as well as 和···一样从属连词的用法1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词(1)表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。
主要的 when, while, as。
若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作,从句表示的是一个持续性动作,三者都可用。
例:He fell asleep when [while, as] he was reading.他看书时睡着了。
(2)while 在···同时、在···期间A.若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作,且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,通常要用 while例:Don’t talk while you’re eating.吃饭时不要说话。
(3)as 正当“`时候、随着“`1)若要表示两个正在发展变化的情况,相当于汉语的“随着”,一般用 as例:As it grew darker, it became colder.天色越晚,天气越冷。
(4)whenA.表示“每当„的时候”(暗示一种规律性),一般要用 when。
例:It’s cold when it snows. 下雪时天冷。
B.若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生,而是有先后顺序时,一般要用 when例:I will go home when he comes back. 他回来时,我就回家去。
C.when 可用作并列连词,表示“这时(突然)”例:We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发,这时天开始下雨了。
5.表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。
主要的有 since(自从), until/till(直到)。
例:She’s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。
After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。
6.表示“一…就”的时间连词。
主要的有 as soon as(只要),the moment(当即), immediately(马上)等。
例:I′ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我只要一接她的信就通知你。
The moment I have finished I′ll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。
came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息,马上就来了。
7.表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。
主要的有 every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(随时),(the) lasttime(上次),the first time(第一次)8.引导条件状语从句的从属连词。
这类连词主要有 if(如果), unless(除非), as [so] long as(只要), in case(万一) 等。
9.引导目的状语从句的从属连词。
主要的有 in order that(为了), so that(以便)等。
10.引导结果状语从句的从属连词。
so…that(如此···以致···), such…that 等。
11.引导原因状语从句的从属连词。
主要的有 because, as, since,等。
12.引导让步状语从句的从属连词。
主要的有(1)although, though,一般情况可以互换though 和 although 的区别A.although 比较正式,语气更加强烈。
I’d quite like to go out,(al)though it is a bit late.我很想外出,虽然为时稍晚。
B.although 引导的从句不能与 but,however 连用,但是可以与 still,yet 连用。
Although he was old,he worked hard.(2)even though, even if,即使even if 有假设的意思,一般会用于虚拟语气例:I like her even though she can be annoying. 尽管她有时很恼人, 但我还是喜欢她。
Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there. 即使我得一路走着去,我也要走到那里。
13. 引起名词从句的从属连词。
主要有 that, whether, if 等,它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
其中 that 不仅没不充当句子成分,而且没有词义,在句子中只起连接作用;而 if, whether 虽不充当句子成分,但有词义,即表示“是否”。
基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+间接宾语+直接宾语(1)特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.(2)常见接双宾语的动词 give, lend, offer, show, tell, buy,choose, bring, get, leave, make ,例:He gave me a book 他给了我一本书。
He bought you a dictionary.他给你买了一本字典 .五、基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语(宾+宾补)特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
例:They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色 .6. 定语从句定语从句在句子中作定语,用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。
(1)先行词和引导词 被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词; 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as 关系副词有:when, where, why。
注意:关系副词里面没有 how 如果要修饰方式,用 that 或 in which 引导,或者不用引导词。
(2)who关系动词 who 在从句中主要作主语,在非正式语体里 who 还可以作从句中的宾语。
例:He is the man who wants to see you.He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.(3)whom 在从句中作宾语(4)whose(谁的)用来指人或物,(只能用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同 of which 互换)。
例:Please pass me the book whose cover is green.(of which the cover/the cover of which(5)which(指物)①当在 which 和 that 面前进行选择的情况下,一般情况下要选 which:②在非限制性定语从句中通常用 which 作引导词,而不能用 that 做非限制性定语从句的引导词。
例:I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.③介词 + which例:They are all questions to which there are no answers.(6)that 多用来指物,有时也可以用来指人;在从句中作主语或宾语。
指物的时候多用 that,也可用 which。
在以下的情况中,只能用 that 作引导词,而不能用 which 作引导词。
先行词为 all , everything, anything, nothing, little 等不定代词时。
例:All (that) she lacked was training.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时例:This is the best film that I have ever seen. 先行词被序数词和 the last 修饰时 先行词中既有人又有物时例:They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited. 主句是含有 who 或 which 的特殊疑问句,为了避免重复时7.宾语从句的用法(1)that 引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。
但下列情况除外:①介词宾语从句的 that 不能省略。
②and 连接的两个从句,两个从句的 that 不能省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.③.在动词+it+宾语补足语+that 宾语从句结构中,that 不省略。
(2)Whether,if 引导宾语从句:两词可互换,但是下列情形除外:①从属连词后紧跟 or not,只能用 whether②从句做介词宾语,只能用 whether③少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt 后的宾语从句常用 whether。
④在不定式前只能用 whether。
⑤一般”no matter”后表示”是否”用 whether 而不用 if。
(3)许多带复合宾语的句子,宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用 it 做形式宾语。
结构是: 主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词等宾语补足语 + 宾语从句We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.①.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。
He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.②. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
I don’t think he likes the English teacher.③. 主句一般过去时态,从句也要用过去时态;He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.7.表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句。
表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。
例:What the police want to know is when you entered the room8.同位语从句一般跟在某些名词如 answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事实),belief (信仰),news(消息),idea(主意;观念),promise(承诺),information(信息 ),conclusion(结论),order(命令), suggestion(建议),problem(问题),thought (想法)等后面。
引导词:whether、what、how例:It’s a question how he did it.9. 主语从句用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
(what、whether、that)主语从句能用 it 作形式上的主语。
常以 it 作形式主语的句型有:A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, , good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain,probable, .)+that 从句。
B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that 从句C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided)+that 从句D. It+seems, happen 等不及物动词及短语+that 从句。
E. 当 that 引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以 it 作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。
例:Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗四、交际用语(一)常用交际用语1.提供(帮助等)和应答(1)(疑问句)Can I help you /What can I do for you (有什么可以帮你的吗?)(2)Do you want me to… (你想不想让我帮你)(3)(陈述句)Let me help…(让我来帮···)肯定回复:Here, take this/my….(4)(疑问句)Would you like /Do you want some… (你想不想····)肯定回复Yes, please.(好的谢谢)Thanks.That would be nice/fine.Thank you for your help.否定回复No, thanks/thankyou.That’s very kind of you,but….2.购物 Shopping(1)询问What can I do for you /May/Can I help you (有什么可以帮到您的?)回答:Yes, please./I want/I’d like….How much is it (多少钱)How many/much do you want (您想要多少?)What colour/size/kind do you want (您想要什么颜色/尺码/种类?)Do you have any other kind/size/colour (还有其他种类/尺码/颜色推荐吗?)回答I want/I’d like….(我想要···)I’ll take it.(我要了)That’s fine.That’s too expensive, (询价以后:太贵了)I’m afraid.(我怕·····)3.请求、允许和应答(1)请求May I… Can/Could I… (2)允许Yes/Sure/Certainly.(可以)Yes, (do) please.(好的,请)Of course(you may) .(当然可以)That’s OK/all right.(没问题)Not at all.(别客气)(3)不允许I’m sorry you can’t,(对不起你不可····)I’m sorry, but…(对不起,但是···)You’d better not.(你最好不要···)4.约会(1)提议、征求意见Are you/Will you be free this afternoon/tomorrow 你下午/明天有空吗?Yes,I’ll be free then,有啊No,I won’t be free then,but I’ll be free…没有(一般不考,没空就没法接着往下聊了)How about tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening 不如,明天早上/下午/晚上?Yes,that’s all right.Shall we meet at 4:30 at… 我们 4:30 在···见怎么样?All right,See you then.(回答)(2)意愿I will….我将我将I’d like to….表示我愿意I(do not) want/hope to….我不想I want/hope/wish to….I have decided to(我决定了····)5.判断和意见(1)同意赞同Well done/Good work!(干的漂亮)(2)有意见In my opinion,….(我的意见是····)(3)不确定It seems….(看起来····)6.能力I can….(我能)He is able to….(他能够)7.喜好和厌恶(1)喜欢like/love to do/ doing sth.喜欢/爱干某事(2)不喜欢/讨厌be + not + like(to) do/doing…不喜欢做某事····I hate(to) do/doing….讨厌做某事···7.疑惑What’s wrong What’s the matter(with you) 怎么啦?Oh, what shall I/we do 天啊我们该怎么办?I’m/He’s/She’s worried.我/他好担心啊8.禁止和警告(1)警告You can’t/mustn’t….你不能/你最好不要You’d better not do it.你最好别做Don’t smoke!禁止抽烟!Don’t be late!别迟到了!(2)注意Look out!当心Take care!小心点Be careful!注意安全!9.请求 Requests(1)询问Can/Will/Could/Wouldyou…for me Will/Can/Could/Would you please… 请你···好吗May I have… 我可以···吗(2)陈述Please givepass me….请把这个给我Please wait(here/a moment)稍等Please hurry.请当心(3)祈使句(要求)Don’t rush (hurry) /crowd.请别急/请别挤No noise, please.请不要喧哗No smoking, please.请勿抽烟10.谈论天气(1)询问What’s the weather like today 今天天气怎么样?How’s the weather in(地名) (地名)天气怎么样啊It’s rather warm/cold/hot…today, isn’t it 今天更热/冷是不是?(2)回答It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy….天气很好/阴天(多云的)/有风的/下雨It’s getting cold/warm 天气转凉/转热(3)陈述It’s a beautiful day today.美好的一天11.问时间、日期和应答(1)询问星期几What day is(it) today 今天星期几It’s Monday/Tuesday….(2)询问几号What’s the date today 今天几号It’s January 10th.(3)询问几点Excuse me.What time is it by your watch 不好意思,请问几点了What’s the time, please /what time is it 请问现在几点了?It’s five o’clock/five thirty(half past five) /a quarter past(to) six.12.就餐 Taking meals-What would you like(to have) 你想来点什么?-I’d like….我想····-Would you like something to eat/drink 你想喝点/吃点什么?-Coke/Two eggs…, please.-.Would you like some more… 你想不想再来点?-I’m full, thankyou.我吃饱了谢谢-Thank you.I’ve had enough.我吃饱了谢谢-Just a little, please.再加一点点 谢谢13.常见疑问(1)问天气: What’s the weather like today How is the weather today (2)问时间: What’s the time What time is it (现在几点了)what time?(何时)(3)问职业: What’s your job What do you do (4)问价格: What’s the price of the book How much is the book (5)问年龄: How old are you What’s your age (6)问地址: Where do you live What’s your address (7)问爱好:Which do you like best What’s your favorite (8)问感受: What do you think of ··· /How do you like ···· (9)尺寸: What size do you want What size do you need (10)问路线:Can you tell me the way to ··· How can I get to ··· (11)问距离: How far (多远)(12)问日期: What’s the date today (今天是几号?)(13)问星期:What day is it today (今天星期几?)——Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,Thursday, Friday, Saturday,Sunday(14)问数量: How many people/children do you have (15)问频率:How often (多久一次)——once a week(16)问时长:How long (多久)(二)补全对话1.购物提示:李明去商场买鞋子,一名售货员接待了她(L=Li Ming; W=Woman)W:Good morning.Can I help you /What can I do for you 早上好,您需要我的帮助吗?L:Yes, please. I want to buy a pair of shoes.好的谢谢,我想买双鞋W:What size do you need 您穿多大码的鞋子?L:Size 38.38 码W:How about those ones 这双怎么样?L:I don’t like this color. Have you got any other colors 我不喜欢这个颜色,可以换别的颜色吗?W:Yes. How about this one 可以,这双怎么样?L:It looks nice. Can I try them on 这双不错,我可以试穿吗?W:Sure.当然可以L: How much 多少钱?W: 100 yuan100 元L: OK. I’ll take it. Here is the money.好的,就它了,这是 100 元。
2.问路提示:李明要去最近的邮局,问警察邮局怎么走(LiMing=L policeman=P)L:Excuse me,Where is the nearest post office, please 你好(不好意思)请问一下最近的邮局怎么走?P: Go down this street and take the first turning on the right. Go across the bridge andyou’ ll find the post office on the left. it’s between the city library and the hospital.沿着这条路直走,第一个路口右拐,过桥以后左手边,邮局就在市立图书馆和医院中间。
L: How far is it from here 从这到那里有多远啊?P: It’s about 30 minutes’ walk.步行三十分钟L:How can I get to there? 我该怎么去呢?P:You’d better catch a bus.你最好坐公交L: Which bus do I need 我应该坐哪一趟?P: I think you need a number 16 bus. The bus will take you there16 路L: Thank you very much.非常感谢P:You’re welcome不客气.3.约定李明邀请他的朋友 Tina 下周日去公园踢足球(L=LiMing T=Tina)L: What are you going to do next Sunday 你下周有什么安排?”T: Nothing much(Nothing special).没有L: Shall we go to the park and play football 那我们去踢足球吧?T: Good idea.好主意L:How can we get to there 那我们怎么去那儿T: By bike骑单车L: Where shall we meet?我们在哪汇合?T: How about meeting at the gate of our school 我们学校校门口怎么样?L: When shall we meet 几点钟到?T:At 8:30.8:30L: OK好4.看病李明感觉头有些疼,去医院就医(L=LiMing D=Doctor)D: What’s wrong with you 你怎么了?L:I don’t feel very well and I’ve a headache.我感觉不舒服,而且头疼BD: How long have you been like this 头疼多久了L:Ever since this morning.今天早上开始的D:Maybe you’ve caught a cold.你可能感冒了L:Is it serious 严重吗?D:Nothing serious.不严重L: What should I do 我该怎么办呢?D:You can take some medicine and drink much water.你可以吃点药,多喝水。
L:How often should I take this medicine 我该如何服药(服药的次数)?D:You can take this medicine three times a day and you’ll be all right soon.一天三次,你会逐渐好转L:Thank you, doctor.5.做客Han 邀请 Tina 去他家做客,然后 Tina 要回家了(H=Han T=Tina)H:Would you like a drink 要喝点什么吗?T:Yes,green tea please.好,绿茶 谢谢H:Here you are.给你T: Thank you谢谢.L: Well. I think it’s time for us to leave now 我觉得是时候我们该走了H: Oh, do you have to 啊真的要走吗L: Yes, I’m afraid so. it’s getting late and we have to get up early in the morning.嗯,恐怕是的,已经很晚了,我们明天还要早起。
H: Don’t leave anything behind.那别落了东西L: Thanks. I think we have everything. Thank you for having us. We enjoyed ourselves verymuch.嗯,我们都拿了,谢谢你的款待,我们玩的很开心H: I’m happy you did. Bye!你们开心我就开心,再见6.打电话李明给 David 打电话邀请他去看油画展(L=LiMing D=David)L:Hello, This is LiMing speaking.May I speaking to David 你好,我是李明,请问 David 在吗?D: This is David,What’s up,LiMing 我是 David,有什么事情吗,李明?L:What are you going to do next Sunday?下周日你有什么安排吗?D:Nothing much.Do you have any ideas 没有,你有什么好建议吗?L: How about going to the museum There’s a Russian oil painting exhibition there.不如去博物馆?那里现在有个俄罗斯油画展D:Good idea! How can I get there 好主意,我该怎么去?L:Bus 202 will take you there.坐 202 路公交车D:Good. Where shall we meet then 好的,我们在哪儿碰面?L:Let’s meet just at the gate of the museum.我们就在博物馆门口见面吧D:What time 什么时候见面?L:Half past nine.九点半D:All right.See you then.好,到时见五、写作1.书面表达答题总结(1)书面表达中给到的要求和条件都需要运用(主要重点)(2)要注意要求中隐含的其他背景,也需要或说可以列出来(次重点)(3)使用连词(4)运用一两个高级句子(复杂句)2.答题技巧(1)字数维持在 85~95 之间,不要低于 80 或高于 120(一般为 8~10 个句子)(2)审题注意答题要求,不要遗漏任何一个点。
(3)可以写个中文大纲,将要点串联。
(4)如果要点不多,一定要注意自己添加一些内容。
(5)注意时态要求(6)少用重复意义的重要单词(7)注意不要写错单词(8)使用连接词(9)如果是写信可以寒暄一下2.万能开头(1)请求类写作开头①I’m writing to you to ask for a favor.我写信是请你帮个忙。
②I’m writing to ask if it is possible for···我写信是希望你能够允许···③I am writing to formally request to ···我写信是为了请求你···④Could you please/Do you mind····?你介意····吗?(2)邀请类①I am writing to invite you to ···我写信邀请你···②We intend to hold a ···for you ···.我们准备为你办一个····(3)答复类①It’s pleasure to answer your question about···非常荣幸为你解答···②I have received your letter and I’m glad to explain to you ···我收到了你的信并且很荣幸的为你解答···(4)说明类①As we all konw that···众所周知···②It is said that…据说……(5)祝贺类①I have learned with delight that you···得知···我很为你高兴····②I’m so glad to hear that. You deserve it!很高兴听到这个消息,这是您应得的!③I hasted to congratulate you on 真心祝福你····(6)问候类①How are you doing recently?最近怎么样?②How is it going 近况如何(朋友之间)③How’s everything with you 你的一切如何 (7)衔接句①not only···but also···不但···而且②But it’s a pity that…但遗憾的是…③I am sorry to hear that···听到那个我很抱歉···④It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that…它展示了当今一个普遍现象……⑤On the one hand···On the other hand···一方面···另一方面···⑥First····Second···Next····Finally····⑦···is one of the most ····是最····的····⑧Take me for example,举个例子⑨every coin has two sides.万事都有两面性3. 结尾(1)说明类(从近年来看使用的概率很小)①Therefore,we have the reason to believe that…因此,我们有理由相信…②Therefore,in my opinion,it’s more advisable…因此,在我看来,更可取的是…③All things considered 总而言之④I will conclude by saying…最后我要说…⑤From my point of view,it would be better if…在我看来…如果…也许更好(2)请求类结尾①Thank you for your attention to these requests.感谢你抽时间关注我的诉求②I will be appreciated if you can help me.如果你能帮助我,感激不尽。
③I will be very grateful if you can you give me some advice.如果你能给我一些建议我将感激不尽。
(3)邀请类①Hope you can join us and have some fun.希望你能加入我们并且度过快乐时光。
②We would feel much happier if you can come.如果你能来我们就太高兴了。
4. 写作模板和真题解析(1)求助型写作How are you doing recently?(寒暄)I’m writing to you to ask for a favor.我写信是请你帮个 忙 。
Could you please___________( 拜 托 的 事 情 )It is very important for me .Because_________(拜托的原因,即题目中要求的要点,每个要求都需要写出来) I will be appreciatedif you can help me.(结尾寒暄)Looking forward to your reply.(期待你的回信)真题解析:假设你是李华,写一封电子邮件给你的美国朋友 Peter,请他帮你买一本英文书,邮件的具体内容包括:1.书名和作者: Anne Lindbergh 所著 Gift from the Sea;2.买书目的和原因:写学期论文用作参考,在当地买不到;3.邮寄地址:北京城市大学英语学院,邮编:00000;4.询问付款方式;5.表示感谢。
注意:1.词数应为 100 左右;2.邮件内容须写在答题卡的指定位置上。
Dear Peter,————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————Yours,Lihua范文Dear Peter,I’m writing to you to ask for a favor. Could you please help me to buy a book, Gift from theSea, written by Anne Lindbergh (要点 1) The book is very important for me. I need it torefer to when I write my term paper. I have looked for the book for many days, but I can notfind it in local area. (要点 2)Please mail it to School of English, Beijing City University ifyou get it.The postcode is 100000. (要点 3)Besides(连词:还有) ,please tell me how Ican transfer the money to you.(要点 4) I will be appreciated if you can help me.(要点 5)Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua2.叙事求助型写作How are you doing recently?(寒暄)I’m writing to you to ask for a favor.我写信是请你帮个忙。
As you know that I________(正在做的事情,但是遇到了麻烦)But I have someproblems.First , ______________Second , _______________Third , _______________Finally ,________________I will be appreciated if you can help me.(结尾寒暄)Looking forward to your reply.(期待你的回信)真题解析:你(Li Yuan)在英语学习中遇到了一些困难,希望得到帮助。
请给你的英国笔友(Jason)写封信,内容包括:1.介绍你学习英语的经历;2.描述你在英语学习中遇到的困难3.希望笔友给你一些建议。
Dear Jason:I look forward your reply.YoursLi Yuan范文Dear Jason:It is a long time since we met last time. How’s everything going there I have been studyingEnglish these months. As you know, I go to work in the daytime. However, I study English atnight. I have several problems in studying English(. 要点 1)First, I have a poor memory. So,it is difficult for me to remember new vocabularies. Then, I can not understand the Englishgrammars clearly. I always misunderstand them. Finally, I do not have a atmosphere to talkin English(. 要点 2 的扩写,使用了三个联结词)So, my spoken English is poor. I really wantto improve my English. Jason, I will be very grateful if you can you give me some advice.(要点 3)I look forward your reply.YoursLi Yuan3.答疑类书信How are you doing recently?It’s pleasure to answer your question about___________(问题)Firstly_______________________(要点 1)secondly____________________(要点 2)finally____________(要点 3)What do you think of _________(我的讲解) I hope you can share itwith me.真题解析:假设你是李华,你的笔友 Tom 想知道中国学生怎样过暑假。
你写信告知你的暑期计划并询问他的安排。
你的计划是:1.与父母外出旅行2.看车展3.读一本英文小说(novel)注意:词数应为 100 左右Dear Tom ,————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————Looking forward to your reply.范文Yours. Li HuaIt’s pleasure to answer your question about how Chinese students spend their summerholiday.Take me for example,I usually make a plan at the beginning.(要点 1)This summerI’ll go traveling to Qingdao with my parents.We’ll swim in the sea and enjoy some seafoodthere.(要点 2)But(联结词) I’ll have to get back around mid-August because I’ll go to acar shoe on August 20th.Finally,(联结词)I hope I can find time to read an English novel.(要点 3)What’s your plan for the summer holidays I hope you can share it with me.Looking forward to your reply.Your,Li hua4.邀请类书信邀请类书信常用句型How are you doing recently?We intend to hold a ______for you I am writing to invite you to _____________(邀请的事宜)It will hold at ___ ( 地 点 ) from____to____ ( 时 间 )on____( 日 期Monday\Tuesday\Wednesday\Thursday\Friday\Saturday\Sunday morning\afternoon\night)We have prepared some interesting programs for you/everybody(如果是为他办的就 foryou.如果是为大家办的就 for everyone)First__________________ ( 题 目 要 点 ) And then______________ ( 题 目 要 点 ) Thelast_______________Hope you can join us and have some fun.真题解析:假设你是李华,在你校工作的 Smith 博士即将回国,你们班同学打算为他举行欢送会。
请写信邀请他参加并告诉他具体安排 :参加人员:全班同学和英语老师时间: 10 月 27 日,星期五,晚上 19:00-21:00地点: 8 号楼 1002 室内容:学生表演歌舞、Smith 博士讲话注意:1.词数应为 100 左右生词:欢送会 farewell partyDear Dr. Smith,——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua范文Dear Dr. Smith.How are you doing recently As you are going to leave China. we intend to hold a farewellparty for you on Friday.October 27th at Room 1002,Building 8. I’m writing to invite you tojoin the party.It will begin at 7:00P.m.and last two hours.(要点)On that evening,all theEnglish teachers and the students in your class will be present.(要点)We have preparedvarious interesting programs for you,including songs and dances(要点).And we’re veryexcited to hear your speech then(要点). Hope you can join us and have some fun.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua真题解析:假设你是李华,写邮件邀请你的留学生朋友 Tim 到你家一起过中秋。
邮件的主要内容包括:1.中秋节是中国的重要节日;2.家庭团圆、品尝月饼是节日传统;3.父母都很欢迎他,妈妈会准备美味佳肴。
注意:1.词数应为 100 左右2.生词:中秋节 the Mid-autumn Festival; 传统 traditionDear Tim,Looking forward to your coming.Yours,LiHua范文Dear Tim,The Mid-autumn Festival is coming soon.I am writing to invite you to spend the festivalwith my family.The Mid-autumn Festival is one of the most important traditional festivalsin china.On that day,people usually come back/return home,and stay with their family.Having a delicious dinner ,eating moon cakes.And then,some people could appropriate thefull moon with their familyor friends,other people could watch TV show stay at home.Myparents hope/ want you to join us that day.My mom willprepare tasty Chinese food forus.I think we will spend a very happy time.Looking forward to your coming.Yours,Li Hua六、完形填空和阅读理解(一)完型填空完型填空主要考察词汇量,通常选用的是一篇短文,多为叙事或小故事,极少考察时态和复合句的用法,主要考察词汇量和固定搭配。
文章的内容一般没有特别难懂和高级的词汇,故建议学生多背常用单词,阅读一些简单的英文小故事。
(二)阅读理解1. 阅读理解类型根据以往惯例,阅读理解的文章多选用故事或者图表的方式,议论文、说明文和应用文这几个文体选用的文章难度也不高,故阅读难度有所降低。
2. 答题技巧(1)先看问题再读文章寻找答案。
首先将具体的问题了然于胸,然后根据问题去读文章,一般来说,文章问题的排版有顺序可寻,一般是一段设置一个问题,问题的设置跟段落的排版平行。
例如:【2019 年真题】A Some farmers in California are having a hard time picking their crops. Thereare not enough workers to help them with the harvest.加利福尼亚的一些农场主没有时间收取果实,因为雇不到足够的工人帮他们进行收获。
One farmer used to grow peaches(桃子),but will soon grow almonds(杏仁)instead. Peachesrequire more labor to harvest. They are easy to be damaged and need careful hand picking. He isnow removing his peach trees. Then he will plant almond trees in their places. Almonds areharvested differently. It does not take as many workers to pick them because a machine shakes thealmond trees. The nuts fall on the ground and then are gathered up. The farmer does not have tohire many workers.有一个农场主以前是种桃子的,但是即将该种杏仁。
桃子需要更多劳动力进行收获,因为它们很容易在摘取的过程中被弄坏,所以需要更加小心。
他现在正在砍伐他的桃树,他打算改种杏仁树。
杏仁其实也需要花很多时间采摘,但是他们可以用机器收获来代替人力。
果实掉在地上然后被收集起来就好,农场主就不需要雇佣更多的工人。
36.What problem do some farmers have A. They have no workers to remove fruit trees.B. There is little land for growing fruit.C. Their crops were badly damaged last year.D. It’s difficult to harvest their crops.37.Why does the peach farmer start to plant almonds A. There is a greater demand for almonds.B. Growing almonds takes much less land.C. A machine can help get almonds off the trees.D. Almonds will fall on the ground when ripe.36 题的答案在第一段,顺延下来 37 题的答案在第二段。
(2)在文中寻找关键字例:上一个例子第 37 题,为什么农场主改种杏树?关键字“why”Almonds are harvested differently. It does not take as many workers to pick them because amachine shakes the almond trees. The nuts fall on the ground and then are gathered up. The farmerdoes not have to hire many workers.答案则是因为可以用机器收获。
(2)Then Mark stood up. “This is my favorite rock, called pumice(浮石)。
”Then Mark dropped therock into a glass of water. ” Look! Pumice is the only rock that floats! “44.Who shared with the class a rock that floats A. Lisa.B. Kara.C. Justin.D. Mark.例 2 中关键词为“who”和“rock that floats”就算不太清楚意思,也很容易在文中找到相关的关键词从而确定答案。
(3)图表题的答题技巧:图表题一般都只有重要的内容,非常简洁容易把握,所以也是比较好回答的题目,一般来说就是在图表中寻找关键词。
例如:【2018 年】In which country are respondents over 45 more likely to feel happily matched thanyounger people A.Canada.B.France.C.India.D.The U.S.找到关键词就是找到答案的重点,在美国、巴西‘和英国 45 岁以上的人觉得比年轻人更满意自己的婚姻。
(4)注意问法和文中同义句的转换例如上题中美国就可以是 The.U.S 也可以是 American。
【2019 年】To settle the problem, farmers hope the government might allow these workers to workas guests. That would help workers provide for their family and help farmers harvest theircrops.When the harvest season is over they’ll go back home. Farmers say that unless things change,more fruits will come from other countries. This is because labor is cheaper in those countries thanin the United States.为了解决问题,农场主们希望政府可以允许外来员工像个客人一样(以礼相待)。
那可以帮It’ s said that human beings have restless ( 不 安分 的) hearts, but thismonth’ s global survey ( 调查)suggests otherwise. On average, 68 percentof the respondents (调查对象)in 15 countries would again say“I do” totheir husbands or wives. In the United States,Brazil, and Great Britain,respondents over 45 are morelikely than younger people to feel satisfied with their choices. But inCanada, France, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Spain, it’s the45-and-unders who feel more happily matched.助工人带上他们的家人一起来务工。
当收获季节过去之后他们又携家带口回。
农场主们除非事情发生转变(也就是接受他们以上的建议),更多的水果将会依赖进口,因为其他国家的劳动力比美国的更廉价。
39.What will happen if the situation does not improve A. The government will hire workers to help with the harvest.B. More people will move to California from Mexico.C.Other countries will provide cheaper labor for US farmers.D. More fruits will be bought from other countries.题目问题 What will happen if the situation does not improve?如果事情没有转机会发生什么,我们在文中找到的是 unless things change, (除非事情改变)后面接的就是不改变的后果,更多水果会依赖进口。
关键字进行了转换,但是意思是没变的,要注意这一点。