专升本英语!一小时搞定英语法八大时态~
01一般现在时 1. 概念经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况2. 基本结构①is/am/are;②do/does否定形式①am/is/are + not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don‘t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn’t,同时还原行为动词3. 一般疑问句①把is/am/are动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词4. 用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用例如I leave home for school at 7 every morning 每天早上我七点离开家2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实例如The earth moves around the sun 地球绕太阳转动Shanghai lies in the east of China 上海位于中国东部3) 表示格言或警句例如Pride goes before a fall 骄者必败注意此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时例如Columbus proved that the earth is round 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性例如I don‘t want so much 我不要那么多Ann writes good English but does not speak well安英语写得不错,讲的可不行5) 一般现在时表示将来含义a.下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情例如The train leaves at six tomorrow morning 火车明天上午六点开When does the bus start? It stars in ten minutes 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后b.在时间或条件句中例如When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me 比尔来后,让他等我I‘ll write to you as soon as I arrive there 我到了那里,就写信给你02一般过去时 1.概念过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为2.基本结构①was/were;②行为动词过去式否定形式①was/were + not;②在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词一般疑问句①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词3.用法1) 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态时间状语有yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等例如Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?2) 表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作例如When I was a child, I often played football in the street我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎注意used to + do“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在例如Mother used not to be so forgetful 老妈过去没那么健忘Scarf used to take a walk 斯卡夫过去常常散步03现在进行时 1.概念表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为2.时间状语now, at this time, these days, etc3.基本结构am/is/are + doing否定形式am/is/are + not + doing一般疑问句把be动词放于句首4.用法1) 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情例如 We are waiting for you 我们正在等你2) 习惯进行表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行例如Mr Green is writing another novel 他在写另一部小说(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态)3) 表示渐变,这样的动词有get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等例如The leaves are turning red 叶子在变红It‘s getting warmer and warmer 天越来越热了4) 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩例如You are always changing your mind 你老是改变主意5) 用现在进行时表示将来下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬时动词的现在进行时可以表示将来例如I‘m leaving tomorrow 明天我要走了Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?04过去进行时 1.概念表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂2.时间状语at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等3.基本结构was/were + doing否定形式was/were + not + doing一般疑问句把was或were放于句首4.用法1) 过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情We were watching TV from seven to nine last night昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视2) 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示What was she doing at nine o‘clock yesterday?昨天晚上九点她在做什么? (介词短语表示时间点)She was doing her homework then那个时候她正在写作业(副词表示时间点)When I saw him he was decorating his room当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间 (when从句表示时间点)3) 在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper他边等车边看报 (两个动作都是延续的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking他擦车时我在做饭(两个动作同时进行)05一般将来时 1.概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事2. 时间状语tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by the day after tomorrow, etc3.基本结构①am/is/are/going to + do;②will + do否定形式①am/is/are + not + going to + do②will not(won‘t)+ do一般疑问句①am/is/are放于句首;②will提到句首4. will主要用于在以下三个方面1) 表示主观意愿的将来They will go to visit the factory tomorrow明天他们将去厂参观工厂I‘ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来2) 表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来Today is Saturday Tomorrow will be Sunday今天是星期六明天是(将)是星期日He will be thirty years old this time next year明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁3) 表示临时决定,通常用于对话中—Mary has been ill for a week 玛丽病了一周了—Oh, I didn‘t know I will go and see her 噢,我不知道我去看看她5. be going to主要用于一下两个方面1) 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧2) 表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测Look There come the dark clouds It is going to rain瞧乌云密集天要下雨了06过去将来时 1.概念立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中2.时间状语the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc3.基本结构①was/were/going to + do;②would + do否定形式①was/were/not + going to + do;②would + not + do一般疑问句①was或were放于句首;②would 提到句首4.用法1) “would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来例如He said he would come to see me他说他要来看我He told me he would go to Beijing他告诉我他将去北京2) “was/ were + going to + 动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事例如She said she was going to start off at once她说她将立即出发I was told that he was going to return home有人告诉我他准备回家此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看,很可能或即将发生的事情例如It seemed as if it was going to rain看来好像要下雨3) come, go, leave, arrive, start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义例如He said the train was leaving at six the next morning他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开She told me she was coming to see me她告诉我她要来看我07现在完成时 1.概念过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态2.时间状语recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years, etc3. 基本结构have/has + done否定形式have/has + not +done一般疑问句have或has4. since的三种用法1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)例如I have been here since 1989 1989起,我一直在这儿2) since +一段时间+ ago例如I have been here since five months ago 我在这儿,已经有五个月了3) since +从句(一般过去时)例如Great changes have taken place since you left 你走后,变化可大了比较since和forsince 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度例如I have lived here for more than twenty years我住在这儿二十多年了注意并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时I worked here for more than twenty years (我现在已不在这里工作08过去完成时 1.概念以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”2. 时间状语before,by the end of last year(term, month),etc3.基本结构had + done否定形式had + not + done一般疑问句had放于句首4.用法1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句种例如She said (that)she had never been to Paris 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎2) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时例如When the police arrived, the thieves had run away 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了3) 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本…,未能…”例如We had hoped that you would come, but you didn‘t 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来注意 had hardly… when 刚就例如I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me 我刚打开门,他就打了我had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……例如He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了 祝好!
以上就是全国地区自考教材服务网分享关于专升本英语!一小时搞定英语法八大时态~的全部内容,更多自考教材和自考历年真题及答案,自考视频网课,自考重点复习资料,可以咨询在线客服!