成考专升本英语考前辅导(2)
第二讲语气(虚拟语气)语气有三种,陈述、祈使和虚拟这里只讨论虚拟语气虚拟语气实际上是一种动词形式虚拟语气的用法大体有两种,再简单句中或用在从句中面对这类考题,考生需要熟记虚拟语气规则即在什么样的条件下用什么样的虚拟语气考生可根据所给的主句在选项中找与之相配的从句,或反之根据所给的带有命令、建议等含义的谓语动词或名词判断其从句中的谓语动词是否该用虚拟语气等1、用在简单句中的虚拟语气表示祝福例May the friendship between us last long.句意愿我们的友谊永存2、在从句的虚拟语气(1)、主句从句中的虚拟语气it为形式主句的句型It is/ was +形容词+that+主句+ should do sth其中should常常省略常用形容词有anxious(渴望的,担心的),crucial(关键的),desirable(可取的),eager(渴望的),essential(非常重要的),fitting(恰当的),impossible(不可能的),natural(自然的),necessary(必要的),possible(可能的),probable(很可能的),strange(奇特的),urgent(紧要的),vital(极重要的)等例It is important that we ( should) practice a lot.句意多实践很重要(2)宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示命令、建议、主张、要求等的动词后that的宾语从句用should表虚拟,但should常被省略这些动词有suggest(建议),propose(提议),recommend(建议),advise(建议),insist(坚持),urge(极力主张),ask(要求),require(命令、要求),request(要求),demand(命令),desire(要求),order(命令),decide(决定),intend(打算),prefer(宁愿),urge(敦促)等例He suggested that we (should) work together.句意他建议我们一起干应该注意的是,当上述动词为名词形式时,后接的that名词从句也要用虚拟语气should do且should可省略例He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) arrive here ten minutes earlier.句意他建议我们每个人都要提前10分钟到这儿例His suggestion is that we (should) work together.句意他的建议是我们一起干①Wish 后的宾语从句这种句型通常表示的是不可能实现的愿望宾语从句中用过去时(be 用were的形式)表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反例Shewishes she knew his phone number.句意她真希望她知道他的在线咨询客服号码例Shewishes she had told him the news.句意她真希望她告诉他那个消息了注意would rather+从句,要用虚拟语气从句中的谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来,表示宁愿、希望例We’d rather he came to visit us tomorrow.句意我们宁愿他明天来看我们(3)状语从句中的虚拟语气if引导的条件状语从句① 与过去事实相反If I had +过去分词,I should/would have +过去分词②与现在事实相反: If I were/ did, I should/would do.③与将来事实相反: If I were/ did, I should/would do.例If I had bought the book, I would not have borrowed it from the library.句意如果我买到了这本书,就不会从图书馆借了例If I were you, I would go to the park.句意如果我是你,我就去了例If it were fine tomorrow, I would go to the park.句意如果明天天气好的话,我会去逛公园应当注意的是,if常省略,此时,条件从句倒装例HadI bought the book, I wouldn’t have borrowed it from the library.句意如果我买到了这本书,就不会从图书馆借了(4)定语从句中的虚拟语气表示“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为It is (high / about) time that +主语+动词的过去式/ should +动词原形例It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.句意我该去学校接我的女儿了例It is high time you should go to work.句意你早该上班了(5)其他状语从句的虚拟语气1.目的状语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为should +动词原形并且should不能省略例She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.句意她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入例He started out earlier lest he should be late.句意他很早就出发了以防迟到(2)在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为can / may / could / might / will / would / should +动词原形例He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.句意他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚例He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.句意他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词2.让步状语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在even if, even though所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同例Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.句意即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办(2)在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为①may +动词原形(指现在或将来)如例We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen.句意不管发生什么事,我们都要按时完成②may +完成式(指过去),主句结构不限例You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made.句意不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能骄傲例We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made.句意不管他翻过什么错误,我们必须尊敬他小结上述几点往往在单选题、完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在,在单选题中每年必考,每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目,而在阅读理解里,我们掌握上述重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助,了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的,哪些是真实的,这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助温馨提示犹豫和等待才是升本路上最大的障碍!关于提升学历的任何问题都可以找我们,我们将竭诚为您服务!可在线咨询客服