成人高考专升本英语复习大纲之动词
八动词考试大纲要求动词包括时态、被动语态、动名词、分词以及虚拟语气1）动词的分类及物动词与不及物动词连系动词助动词情态动词动词类型在句子中的用法及物动词后面接宾语不及物动词后面不接宾语，或接”介词/副词+宾语”连系动词后面接表语助动词后面接动词原形情态动词后面接动词原形，或接动词的完成式2）动词的基本形式动词原形、过去分词、现在分词过去式，第三人称单数3）动词主要时态的构成及其用法包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时，一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，完成进行时，一般将来时，将来完成时，过去将来时（1）只要时间状语是by the end of last……,主句的谓语动词绝对用过去完成时如果把last 变为next ,主句的谓语动词绝对用将来完成时 （2）By the time 从句的时态是一般过去时，主句谓语绝对采用过去完成时如果by the time 从句的时态是一般现在时，主句谓语绝对采用将来完成时 典型例题 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时同 时，when表时间的同时性，”玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. read was falling B. was reading fell C. was reading was falling D. readfell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为”当……之时”描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生句意为 “在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了“句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如fall sick一般现在时代替将来时时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时 When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈典型例题 (1）He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment. A. had not given; had not succeeded B. would not give; succeed C. will not give; succeed D. would not give; will succeed. 答案B. 在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时本题有He said，故为过去式主句用将来时，故选B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时(2) 表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动 The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门(实际上每天如此) 一般现在时代替过去时 1 )”书上说”，”报纸上说”等 The newspaper says that it’s going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的 2) 叙述往事，使其生动 Napoleon’s army now advances and the great battle begins.一般现在时代替完成时 1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时 hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember. I hear (= have heard) he will go to London. I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is. 2) 句型 ” It is … since…”代替”It has been … since …” 3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met. 一般现在时代替进行时 1) 句型Here comes… There goes… Look, here comes Mr. Li.现在进行时代替将来时 1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动 Are you staying with us this weekend? 这周和我们一起度周末吗? We are leaving soon. 我们马上就走 2) 渐变动词，如get, run, grow, become, begin及die He is dying. 时态一致 1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远用现在时 At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. He told me last week that he is eighteen. 2) 宾语从句中的助动词ought, need, must, dare 时态是不变的 He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 时态与时间状语 一般现在时 every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday,一般过去时 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now一般将来时 next…, tomorrow, in+时间,现在完成时 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently过去完成时 before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as过去进行时 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while将来进行时 soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening 4）动词的被动语态 1.一般现在时的被动语态 承受者+be{is/am/are+done（过去分词）by+执行者. E.g.Manyschoolsarebuilt（done）everyyearinthecity. note｛地点状语，时间状语一般都放在句末inthecity特指 其中be的使用取决于主语的单复形式 Alotof修饰可数和不可数名词 Many修饰可数名词 Mach修饰不可数名词 主动Theyallread（原形）Englisheveryday. 被动Englishread（过去分词）byallofthemeveryday.主动Motheroftenscoldsme. 被动Iamoftenscoldedbymother. 2.一般过去式的被动语态 承受者+be{was/were+done（过去分词）by+执行者（不明确可省略） E.g.主动Herepairedhisbikeyesterday. 被动Hisbikewasrepairedbyhimyesterday. 主动ChildrencleanedmanystreetslastSunday. 被动ManystreetswerecleanedbychildrenlastSunday. 3.现在进行时的被动语态 承受者+be{is/am/arebeing（现在分词）doneby+执行者（不明确可省略） E.g.主动Heiswritinghiscomposition. 被动Hiscompositionisbeingwrittenbyhim. Notewrite/wrote/wtitten 4.过去进行时的被动语态 承受者+be{was/were｝being（现在分词）doneby+执行者（不明确可省略） E.g.主动Hewasmajoringcomputerduringhiscollege. 被动Computerwasbeingmajoredbyhimduringhiscollege. 5.将来时的被动语态 承受者+｛begoingto/will/shall（be动词原形）/beto｝bedoneby+执行者（不明确时可省略） E.g.1Abigsupermarketwill/shall/betobebuiltherenextyear Notebeto计划或安排好的动作或行为 E.g.2TheflightistoleaveforHefeicity. 6.现在完成时的被动语态 承受者+have（复数主语）/hasbeendoneby+执行者（不明确可省略） E.g.主动OurSchoolhasfinishedmanyscientificresearches. 被动Manyscientificresearcheshavebeenfinishedbyourschool. 7.将来时态的被动语态 承受者+｛begoingto/will/shall/beto｝havebeendoneby+执行者 E.g.主动We‘llhavefinishedthebookbytheendofSeptember. 被动Thebookwill/shallhavebeenfinishedbytheendofSeptember Notebytheendof短语的用法 （1）Willhavedonebytheendof+将来时态 （2）Haddonebytheendof+过去完成时态 E.g.Theprojecthadbeenmadebytheendoflastweek.5）情态动词及其基本用法情态动词部分除了应了解每个词的具体含义之外，情态动词的否定是在后面加not特别要注意had bette和would rather的否定ought to的否定是ought not towould rather后面接句子只能用一般过去时can、could、may、might、must、ought to、should后接动词完成式表示对过去事情的猜测“may/might +现在完成时”表示“也许已经……了”“must +现在完成时”表示“肯定……了”“can / could +现在完成时”表示“本来是能够……的（实际上未）”“should/ought to +现在完成时”表示“本应该……（实际上未）”1.That was in March. You may / might have read about it in the newspapers.2.The house is dark; the Browns _______ to bed.A. may go B. should go C. should have gone D. must have gone (答案D)3.Her husband could have helped her, but he chose not to.(choose)4.You _______ yesterday if you were really serious about the job.A.ought to come B. ought come C. ought to have come D. ought have come (答案C serious严肃的)此外，考生还应注意need和dare这两个词，它除了是情态动词外，还可以是实义动词，在不同的情况下用法有差别6）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的形式及主要用法要点1 学会分析一道题缺少谓语还是非谓语 要点2 区别不定式、动名词、分词作定语 要点3 分词完成式仅作状语，不作定语 要点4 动名词的逻辑主语 要点5 分词作宾语补足语非谓语动词五大陷阱陷阱一形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查省略句1.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ______ every day.A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.to water【解析】答案选Aunless watered可视为unless they are watered之省略又如Unless changed, this law will make life difficult for farmers. 这项法令除非进行修改，否则将给农民的生活造成困难(from www.nmet168.com)2.No matter how frequently ______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A.performedB.performingC.to be performedD.being performed陷阱二形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是形容词的用法1.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestD.to interest【解析】答案选A过去分词interested在此已转化为形容词，interested in意为“对……感趣”2.______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.Being surprisedD.To be surprising【解析】答案选B由于与形容happy并列，故可排除C和D又因为是用以说明主语Tony的心情，故用surprised，不用surprising (from www.nmet168.com)陷阱三形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查某种句式1.—It’s a long time since I saw my sister.—___A___ her this weekend?A.Why not visitB.Why not to visit C.Why not visitingD.Why don’t visit【解析】答案选AWhy not…为英语中常用句式，用于提出建议，其后只接动词原形，不接不定式或现在分词注意不能选D，但是若D改为Why don’t you visit也可以选2.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ______ it—you’ve got some big bills comingA.forgetB.forgot C.forgetting D.to forget【解析】答案选A此处的better实为you’d better之省略根据英语习惯，had better之后只能接动词原形，故选A (from www.nmet168.com)陷阱四形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查祈使句1.Mary, ______ here — everybody else, stay where you are.A.comeB.comesC.to comeD.coming【解析】答案选A此处考查祈使句的用法，故用动词原形2.—What should I do with this passage?— _____the main idea of each paragraph.A.Finding outB.Found outC.Find outD.To find out【解析】答案选C此处考查祈使句的用法，故用动词原形其实，此题也可视为You should find out…之省略陷阱五形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查并列句1.At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _____down to eat our picnic lunch.A.sittingB.having satC.to sitD.sat【解析】答案选D由句中的and可知，此句为并列结构，且空格处填sat，与其前的谓语动词found并列7）虚拟语气的常见形式及其基本用法1、常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构 2、虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式 3、主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气 4、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题温馨提示犹豫和等待才是升本路上最大的障碍！关于提升学历的任何问题都可以找我们，我们将竭诚为您服务！可在线咨询客服