高二英语课文翻译 高中英语高二上学期阅读理解（带翻译）

As I was thinking about language learning the other day, the image of baking bread came into my mind. I compared some of the exercises and drills that we put ourselves through in order to learn a language to the various ingredients that go into baking a loaf of fresh bread.

Real language learning takes place in human relationships. No one sits down and eats a cup of flour, even if he is hungry and in a hurry. You don't become bilingual（双语的）by learning lists of vocabulary. You don't become a speaker of a language by memorizing verb conjugations（动词的词形变化）and agreement rules. You become bilingual by entering a community that uses that other language as its primary means of communication.

I am not suggesting that we can make bread without ingredients. Flour is necessary, as are yeast, salt, water and other ingredients. Vocabulary is part of any language and will have to be learned. Grammatical rules exist in every language and cannot be ignored. But merely combining the appropriate ingredients in the recommended proportions does not result in bread. At best, you only end up with a ball of dough（面团）.

In order to get bread, you have to apply heat to the dough. And in language learning, that heat comes from the community. Anyone who has learned a second language has experienced that heat. It creeps up your neck when you ask the babysitter, “Have you already been eaten?” when you meant to say, “Have you already eaten?” When you try to say something quite innocent and the whole room bursts into laughter, you are experiencing the heat that turns raw dough into good bread.

Remember the old saying, “If you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen”? This is where language learning often breaks down because we find the heat uncomfortable and we stop the baking process. In other words, we can't stand the heat, so we get out of the kitchen.

However, the language learner who stays in the kitchen—in the heat—until the combined ingredients are thoroughly transformed will enjoy the richness of a quality loaf of bread. He said that he did not “get out of the kitchen” at the critical moment when the oven seemed too hot. The dedicated language learner knows that becoming bilingual cannot be achieved without the heat!

(1)

The passage is mainly about _______.

A.

how we can make baking bread with various ingredients

B.

how to become bilingual by communicating with others

C.

what an important role “heat” plays in learning a language

D.

what a high quality of bread you may achieve in the kitchen

(2)

You can become a speaker of a language by _______.

A.

bearing millions of words and expressions in your mind

B.

using the language to communicate with those around you

C.

knowing verb conjugations and grammatical rules

D.

saying something innocent to be laughed at by others

(3)

What's the purpose of illustration of the example — you ask the babysitter, “Have you already been eaten?” when you meant to say, “Have you already eaten?”?

A.

To prove that you are sure to make some mistakes when you enter a community.

B.

To show that you should combine the ingredients in the recommended proportions.

C.

To prove that you may experience “heat” from the community in language learning.

D.

To indicate that being bilingual calls for your courage, confidence and perseverance.

(4)

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the necessity of baking bread and learning language?

A.

Wonderful skills.

B.

Various ingredients.

C.

Appropriate proportions.

D.

Uncomfortable heat.

翻译:前几天我在考虑学习语言时，脑海中浮现出烤面包的情景。为了让我们自己在一个面包里学习到各种各样的配料，我把它和其他的烤面包比起来。真正的语言学习发生在人际关系中。没有人坐下来吃一杯面粉，即使他饿了，匆匆忙忙的。你不可能通过学习词汇表而成为双语者。你不会通过记住动词的变化和约定规则成为一门语言的说话人。当你进入一个以另一种语言作为主要交流手段的社区时，你就会成为双语者。我不是说我们可以做没有配料的面包。面粉是必需的，酵母、盐、水和其他配料也是必要的。词汇是任何语言的一部分，必须学习。语法规则存在于每一种语言中，不可忽视。但是仅仅按照推荐的比例混合适当的配料并不能产生面包。充其量，你只会得到一团面团。为了得到面包，你必须加热面团。在语言学习方面，这种热情来自于社区。任何一个学过第二语言的人都经历过这种热。当你问保姆，“你已经被吃掉了吗？”？当你想说，“你已经吃过了吗？”？当你试着说些新鲜的话时，整个房间的人都笑了起来。还记得那句老话吗，“如果你受不了热，就离开厨房”？这是语言学习经常失败的地方，因为我们觉得热不舒服，我们停止烘烤过程。换句话说，我们受不了高温，所以我们离开厨房。然而，学习语言的人，如果能在高温下呆在厨房里，直到所有的配料完全转化，他们就会享受到一块优质面包的丰盛。他说，在炉子似乎太热的关键时刻，他没有“走出厨房”。专心致志的语言学习者知道，没有热度是不可能做到双语的！

（1） 这篇文章主要是关于。A、 我们如何制作各种配料的面包B.如何通过与他人交流而成为双语者C.热在学习一门语言中起着怎样的重要作用D.你在厨房里可以获得多高质量的面包

（2）你可以通过。A、 在你的脑海里记着数以百万计的单词和短语B.使用语言与你周围的人交流C.知道动词的变化和语法规则D.说一些无辜的话让别人嘲笑

（3）举例说明的目的是什么-你问保姆，“你已经被吃了吗？当你想说，“你已经吃过了吗？”？”? A、 证明你在进入社区时肯定会犯一些错误。B、 以表明你应该按照推荐的比例混合配料。C、 以证明你在语言学习中可能会感受到来自社区的“热”。D、 表明双语需要你的勇气、信心和毅力。

（4） 根据文章，以下哪一项不是烤面包和学习语言的必要条件？A、 高超的技能。B、 各种成分。C、 适当的比例。D、 不舒服的热。